Backend technologies
Backend technologies used for APIs, databases, realtime services, indexers, and application infrastructure.
APIs, data stores, queues, and realtime plumbing from shipped systems—grouped here with project evidence. backend engineering goes deeper on the work.
Writing about Backend
Context Engineering
An agent harness orchestrates memory, tools, skills, and retrieved information so models receive the right context at the right moment.
AI Agents are Infrastructure
Running agents in production means managing tools, state, permissions, and recovery—not just choosing a capable language model.
Agentic Commerce
Google's Universal Commerce Protocol, with A2A, AP2, and x402 around it, moves checkout into AI surfaces and makes shopping a workflow agents can execute.
Evolution of AI UX
AI interfaces are moving from prompts and answers to agents that hold intent, run workflows, and deliver outcomes, which makes visibility and control the core of the UX.
Why I'm Bullish on 2026
Why I expect AI agents, stablecoins, wallet signing, and tokenized markets to converge in products over the coming year.
Intersection of AI and Web3 (Part 2)
How agentic finance, stablecoin payment rails, and decentralized AI infrastructure are starting to connect in real products.
Intent-Based Multichain DeFi
How solver networks and ERC-7683 support intent-based transactions across EVM chains, Solana, and Cosmos.
Stablecoin Summer
Why the GENIUS Act and Treasury-backed reserves matter as stablecoins become infrastructure for payments and settlement.
Why I still use Expo
OTA updates, EAS cloud builds, and shared TypeScript from production React Native work.
Agentic Finance
How AP2, x402, and agentic commerce protocols could let AI agents authorize payments and settle transactions with stablecoins.
Web3 Composability
How shared token, liquidity, governance, and DeFi standards accelerate new products while introducing systemic risk.
Prompt Injection
How direct, indirect, and tool-response prompt injection hijack LLM behavior, and the layered defenses I use in AI applications that call tools.
AI Model Context Protocol (MCP)
What the Model Context Protocol standardizes about connecting models to tools and data, and how I structure MCP-style tools, composition, and memory in TypeScript.
RAG with TypeScript
How retrieval-augmented generation works, and how to implement it with TypeScript SDKs, embeddings, and vector stores.
Scaling and Securing WebSockets
How session affinity, TLS, authentication, and Redis pub/sub keep WebSocket backends reliable across multiple nodes.
EVM Token Standards Overview
What ERC-20, ERC-1155, ERC-6909, and ERC-7281 each define, where each one fits, and how they compare on batching, approvals, and gas.
Managing Risks in DeFi
The technical, economic, systemic, and operational risks in DeFi, the incidents that exposed each one, and the checks and tools I use before trusting a protocol.
AMMs, Liquidity Pools & Yield Farming
How automated market makers price trades from liquidity pools, what liquidity providers earn and risk, and yield farming strategies on Ethereum, Solana, Cosmos, and zkSync.
Trading Engines - Order Books & AMMs
How order books and AMMs match trades, which projects run each model and hybrids of both, and when I would pick one over the other.
The Skillset of a Product Engineer
Why product engineers take ownership of user needs, interfaces, and systems instead of working within one technical layer.
How USDT0 Improves Stablecoin Bridging
How USDT0 and LayerZero's OFT standard move USDT across chains without wrapping, with unified liquidity and a smaller bridge attack surface.
EVM on Bitcoin - The Future of DeFi
The Layer 2s, sidechains, and token standards bringing programmability to Bitcoin, and what EVM compatibility through projects like SovaEVM adds for Solidity developers.
The Power of Bitcoin Runes
How Runes represents fungible tokens through Bitcoin's UTXO model, and what its design does and does not provide.
Engineering Principles
The principles I use to balance software quality, reliability, and delivery speed across products and technical stacks.
Math in JavaScript and DeFi
Floating-point quirks, precision, and BigInt choices I use when JavaScript math has to hold up in DeFi contracts and onchain apps.
When React Compiler Replaces Manual Memoization
Why React Compiler reduces the need for useMemo, useCallback, and memo—and when those APIs still matter.
Fractal Components in React
How I organize React applications into self-similar modules and compound components to keep features manageable as they grow.
Modern Next.js Web3 Architecture
How I structure Next.js Web3 applications using URL state, colocated features, TanStack Query, wagmi, and viem.
Introducing BasilicEVM
A look at my EVM starter for wallet connections, contract types, and chain interactions using Foundry, viem, and wagmi.
Architecture Decision Records
How I use ADRs to capture technical decisions, tradeoffs, and context so teams can revisit them with confidence.
Comparing Ethers.js and Viem/Wagmi
How Ethers.js and Viem with Wagmi differ on bundle size, modularity, types, and React integration, and where each one runs at Bitlauncher.
The Intersection of AI and Web3
A July 2024 snapshot of shared infrastructure between AI and Web3: compute, identity, data, and open networks.
Async Patterns in React
How I keep asynchronous logic in TypeScript services and connect it to React with TanStack Query and reusable hooks.
Conventions for React Apps
My conventions for naming, collocation, state, and folder structure in React applications as features become more complex.
TypeScript Generation from GraphQL
Two talks on TypeScript and GraphQL, one on generating types from a schema with Codegen at GraphQL Texas and one in Spanish for PanamaJS.
TicoBlockchain 2019 Recap
Recap of the First International Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Conference in Costa Rica.
First Crypto Conference in Costa Rica
On February 2nd, the first international blockchain and cryptocurrency conference in Costa Rica will be held in San José.
Enhancing Your GitHub Workflow
Tips for improving your GitHub workflow in software development.
Costa Rica's Crypto Cantina
BlockchainCR is excited to introduce "Costa Rica's Crypto Cantina."
Blockchain Technology in Costa Rica
The Blockchain ecosystem in Costa Rica, BlockchainCR, and the Costa Rican Blockchain Association.
Nodeschool International Day 2016
JavaScript and Node.js through in-person workshops
Paintball.js recap
At Costa Rica JS this time we broke the mold a bit and went to Under Fire Paintball territory.
Best Practices for Designing RESTful APIs
When designing an API, there are important decisions that have a great impact on the way other applications will interact with the service...
Automatic Node.js Version Switching
When working on multiple Node.js projects it is important to configure your development environment to automatically switch to right node version for a particular project.
On Continuous Delivery
Continuous delivery is practice in software development in which development teams work in a way that allows companies to update their systems at any point in time or continuously through automated processes, the system's code base is always deployable and tested.
Unit Testing - Mocks, Stubs and Spies
Understanding mocks, stubs, and spies in unit testing
Introduction to Unit Testing
Getting started with unit testing in JavaScript
NodeJS HTTPS and SSL Certificate for Development
Setting up HTTPS and SSL certificates for Node.js development
Introduction to Gulp.js
Getting started with Gulp.js build system
Developing Software in Costa Rica
The software development ecosystem in Costa Rica
Choosing the Database for your Web App
A guide to choosing the right database for your web application
Data Visualization in Costa Rica
Data Visualization meetup in Costa Rica
My Favorite JavaScript and Engineering Podcasts
Simply the best Javascript podcast out there.